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Passwords & Security Updated: ⏱ 2 min

Passphrases: why dictionary size matters

The difference between random words, memorable phrases and a full Diceware procedure.

Randomchik editorial team

Word count is only part of the picture

Two phrases with the same word count can have different numbers of possible values. That depends on dictionary size and sampling. Independently and uniformly choosing k words from N distinct words gives N to the power k combinations. A predictable sentence written by a person does not follow that model.

This tool's limitation

This tool uses small built-in word lists. It demonstrates combining random words and does not implement a full Diceware dictionary. Adding a digit, separator or capital letter does not enlarge the underlying word list. Four words from this tool should not automatically be treated as equivalent to four words from another generator.

Using a result

For a demonstration, choose a language, word count and separator, then compare results. Repeated words are possible under independent sampling and are not necessarily an error. For important accounts, choose a tool with a documented full dictionary and evaluated method, or a password manager. Never publish active passphrases as examples.

Questions and answers

Is this full Diceware?

No. This is a small demonstration dictionary, not a full Diceware list.

Why can words repeat?

Each position is selected separately. Previously selected words remain in the list.

Sources and methodology

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